French chemist and physicist renowned for his gas laws, the discovery of water's composition, and the degrees Gay-Lussac for measuring alcoholic strength

King of the French from 1830 to 1848, known as "the Citizen King," who abdicated during the French Revolution of 1848 leading to the Second Republic

French novelist and playwright known for La Comédie humaine, a panoramic depiction of post-Napoleonic French society

Argentine general, politician, and soldier known as "the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru" for his leadership in gaining South American independence from the Spanish Empire

French classical liberal theorist, political economist, and member of the French assembly, known for his writings on free markets and limited government