生平

Romanian sculptor, painter, and photographer considered the patriarch of modern sculpture and a pioneer of modernism, known for his clean geometrical lines and cultural influences

British economist, writer, and Nobel laureate recognized for his influential theories on the nature of the firm and transaction costs, especially from his long tenure at the University of Chicago Law School

Nobel laureate physicist known for developing semiconductor heterostructures that enabled high-speed and opto-electronics, and contributed to mobile phone technology

French photographer, balloonist, caricaturist, and journalist who took the first aerial photographs and whose portraits are held in major national collections

French historian, orator, and statesman who was a dominant figure in politics between the Revolution of 1830 and 1848, also known for his extensive writings

Dutch author, civil servant, and colonial administrator best known for his novel Max Havelaar, which exposed the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies

Soviet chess grandmaster and World Champion, known for his record 17 Chess Olympiad medals and musical career

Pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright, and co-founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, revered as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature

German-Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate known for decoding the honeybee's waggle dance and advancing the study of animal communication

Slovenian liberal politician who served as President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia, Prime Minister of Slovenia, and President of Slovenia

Austrian-born German automotive engineer and inventor, founder of Porsche AG, known for the Volkswagen Beetle, Lohner-Porsche, and Auto Union racing cars

British actor celebrated for his versatile performances on stage and screen, known for films like Big Fish and Skyfall

Swedish crime writer, children's author, dramatist, and human rights activist best known for creating Inspector Kurt Wallander

Scottish politician, economist, and autobiographer best known as First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party and the Alba Party

Canadian physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for developing neutron scattering techniques and spectroscopy for condensed matter studies

Czech long-distance runner nicknamed 'the Czech Locomotive' who won three gold medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, including a marathon he entered at the last minute

Swedish physicist and astronomer, recognized as a founder of spectroscopy and known for his work on the solar spectrum

Third President of Kenya, serving from 2002 to 2013, with a distinguished career as a politician, minister, and economist

Japanese marine biologist who discovered green fluorescent protein and won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Scottish actor best known for his iconic roles as Rubeus Hagrid in the Harry Potter films and Dr. Edward 'Fitz' Fitzgerald in Cracker

Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for developing radioactive tracers and co-discovering hafnium

Holy Roman Emperor and composer who led the empire from 1637 until 1657, balancing statecraft with a passion for music

Austrian-Japanese politician and philosopher, founding president of the Paneuropean Union and a pioneer of European integration for nearly five decades

French composer, organist, and ornithologist known for his innovative 20th-century classical music and influential teaching