من وُلد في 1897

Polish stage and film actress and singer known for her tragedienne and femme fatale roles in the silent and golden eras of Hollywood

Third President of India, former Vice President, and esteemed Indian educationist

German economist and Chancellor who created the social market economy and led West Germany's economic miracle

Austrian-American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, sex educator, and sociologist known for his radical theories and influential works like <em>The Mass Psychology of Fascism</em>

14th Prime Minister of Canada, distinguished diplomat, scholar, and author of influential works on international relations

British physicist who shared the 1951 Nobel Prize for splitting the atomic nucleus, a foundational step for nuclear power and atomic weapons

Italian-born American film director, producer, and screenwriter, renowned as the creative force behind major award-winning films and considered the 'American Dream personified'

Norwegian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate who advanced the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry

German sociologist, writer, and philosopher celebrated for his theory of civilizing and decivilizing processes and his insights into social figurations

English physical chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his groundbreaking researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions and expertise in chemical kinetics

German chemist and mathematician known for the Wittig reaction, which earned him the 1979 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for its importance in organic synthesis

Finnish middle and long distance runner who set 22 world records and won nine Olympic gold medals

British Prime Minister (1955-1957), diplomat, and Conservative Party leader known for his expertise in foreign affairs and brief but consequential tenure during the Suez Crisis

Polish-Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate, recognized for his isolation of cortisone, which revolutionized medical treatments

Thai military officer and politician who served as Prime Minister for two terms, known for leading Thailand during World War II and promoting Thai nationalism

South Korean journalist and politician who served as the second President of South Korea from 1960 to 1962, presiding over the short-lived Second Republic

English children's writer, one of the best-selling and most prolific authors of all time, translated into ninety languages

Pope of the Catholic Church from 1963 to 1978, known for concluding and implementing the Second Vatican Council and fostering ecumenical relations

French chemist, physicist, and Nobel laureate who, with her husband, discovered induced radioactivity and advanced nuclear physics

French intellectual and literary figure known for his philosophical and literary explorations of eroticism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression

Nazi politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda known for his extreme antisemitism, public speaking skills, and central role as a Holocaust perpetrator, orchestrating the systematic dissemination of hateful ideology

French poet, novelist, editor, and leading voice of the surrealist movement, known for his political engagement and French Resistance efforts

British physicist and Nobel laureate known for proving nuclear transmutation and developing operational research during World War II

British chemist awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967 for his studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing equilibrium with short pulses of energy

Austrian Chancellor who resisted the Anschluss with Nazi Germany, a lawyer, politician, and professor who authored several scholarly works