Russia

German Marxist theorist, communist activist, and tireless advocate for women's rights

Chechen politician and Islamic religious leader who served as Chief Mufti of Ichkeria and President of the Chechen Republic

Soviet academic, historian, ethnologist, and philosopher known for his unorthodox theories of ethnogenesis and as an exponent of Eurasianism

Finnish Lutheran clergyman, poet, and translator, celebrated as the de facto founder of literary Finnish and a key figure in the Reformation

Russian author, philosopher, and pacifist regarded as one of history's most influential writers

Emperor of Russia, King of Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland known for his reactionary domestic policies and as an art collector

Last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991, Nobel Peace Prize laureate for his role in radical changes in East-West relations, and a jurist, economist, and environmentalist

Russian economist, politician, and author who served as acting Prime Minister of Russia in 1992 and held various cabinet roles

Russian writer and Futurist poet celebrated for his linguistic innovations and experimental approach to literature

Russian playwright who almost single-handedly created a Russian national repertoire and defined the Russian realistic period