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American author known for his seminal 1951 novel, The Catcher in the Rye, and his acclaimed short stories

American writer and editor best known for creating the Cthulhu Mythos and pioneering the "Lovecraftian horror" subgenre

American poet and educator known for "Paul Revere's Ride" and <em>The Song of Hiawatha</em>, and for being the first American to translate Dante's <em>Divine Comedy</em>

American painter widely known for his "drip technique" and as a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement

American chess player, Grandmaster, and eleventh World Chess Champion, famous for his historic 1972 victory over Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland

American author, novelist, and short story writer known for exploring history, morality, and religion in works like The Scarlet Letter

American author and abolitionist known for Uncle Tom's Cabin, which influenced the anti-slavery movement

American singer, actor, and multimedia star who recorded over 1,600 songs and starred in more than 70 feature films

American philosopher and psychologist, often called the "father of American psychology" and a leading thinker of the late 19th century

American aviation pioneer, author, journalist, pilot, and women's rights activist who became one of the most celebrated figures of early flight

American civil rights activist known for sparking the Montgomery bus boycott by refusing to give up her seat on a bus in defiance of segregation laws

American rock musician and songwriter, lead vocalist for Nirvana, and a spokesman of Generation X

American poet known for his realistic depictions of rural New England life and mastery of colloquial speech

American actress known for her unparalleled four Academy Awards for Best Actress and her spirited, independent screen persona

American writer and poet known for Moby-Dick and other works of the American Renaissance period

American lawyer, politician, and the 21st U.S. President who ended the spoils system and expanded the U.S. Navy

American economist and statistician, Nobel laureate, intellectual leader of the Chicago school of economics who championed monetarism

American Black rights activist, Muslim minister, and human rights defender celebrated for his pursuit of racial justice during the civil rights movement

14th president of the United States who served from 1853 to 1857, a northern Democrat grappling with the nation's divisions over slavery and the architect of the Kansas–Nebraska Act

19th president of the United States, Civil War major general, lawyer, and Ohio governor

Ninth President of the United States who served the shortest term of 31 days, clarifying presidential succession upon his death in office

13th President of the United States, instrumental in the Compromise of 1850, and the last Whig Party president

29th president of the United States, popular during his term, also a newspaper editor and businessperson

American writer and humanitarian, best known for The Good Earth and as the first American woman Nobel laureate in Literature