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American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, known for her extensive writings and prophetic visions

American neuroscientist and Nobel laureate who, through "split-brain" research, demonstrated the specialized functions of the brain's two hemispheres

American politician and writer who rose from poverty to become Vice President and a staunch opponent of slavery, tirelessly building anti-slavery coalitions and championing civil rights

American rapper and music executive who founded Ruthless Records and N.W.A, known as the 'Godfather of Gangsta Rap'

American writer known for pioneering New Journalism, incisive cultural criticism, and profound memoirs on loss

American actor known for his distinctive voice and character roles, winning three Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor

First Lady of the United States known for her strong partnership with President Harry S. Truman and her lifelong commitment to privacy

American novelist and screenwriter best known as the creator of Jason Bourne, whose thrilling stories sold hundreds of millions of copies worldwide

American physician and Nobel laureate known for his co-discovery of cortisone and its use in treating rheumatoid arthritis

American actor best known for his role as Philip Banks in The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and as the voice of Shredder

American actress known for her Academy Award-winning performance in Written on the Wind and her starring role in Peyton Place

American computer scientist who led the team that created FORTRAN, the first widely used high-level programming language, and invented the Backus–Naur form (BNF)

American poet, essayist, and feminist who brought the oppression of women and lesbians to the forefront of poetic discourse, and famously declined the National Medal of Arts in protest

American neuroscientist and Nobel laureate who unraveled how brain cells communicate and championed women in science

American biochemist who received the Nobel Prize for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone, oxytocin

American contralto whose historic 1939 Lincoln Memorial concert and 1955 Metropolitan Opera debut paved the way for Black artists

American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. and second Governor of New York

American politician and military officer who became the youngest U.S. Vice President and later a Confederate general

American pediatrician and virologist who received the Nobel Prize for his foundational work on the poliovirus

American philosopher, diplomat, and educator who led Columbia University for over four decades and won the Nobel Peace Prize

American sociologist and critical thinker who challenged academia to engage with power and society, influencing the New Left

American chemist and geneticist who, with Martha Chase, confirmed DNA as the genetic material, earning a Nobel Prize for his work on bacteriophages

American baseball player who broke Major League Baseball's color line in 1947 and became a leading voice in the civil rights movement

American anthropologist and social theorist known for his ethnography of the Iroquois and theories on kinship and social evolution