Memorials & famous biographies

American actress known for her Triple Crown of Acting achievement, starring on Broadway in <i>Come Back, Little Sheba</i> and on television in <i>Hazel</i>

American composer and pianist whose compositions creatively blended jazz, popular, and classical music, known for works like Rhapsody in Blue and Porgy and Bess

American physicist and Nobel laureate who developed the resonance method for atomic nuclei and contributed to microwave radar technology

The seventh and last Shah of Iran's Qajar dynasty, who reigned from 1909 to 1925

Japanese film director and screenwriter known for his acclaimed works like Ugetsu and Sansho the Bailiff, and his focus on the oppression of women

First Lady of the Republic of China, politician, and activist known for her prominent role in Chinese politics and foreign relations during the 20th century

Italian writer, war correspondent, and diplomat best known for his impactful novels <em>Kaputt</em> and <em>The Skin</em>

Swiss astronomer and physicist who first posited the existence of dark matter and introduced the concept of supernovas and neutron stars

Polish Art Deco painter celebrated for her elegant portraits of aristocrats and highly stylized nudes

Italian politician and diplomat who served as the 5th President of Italy from 1964 to 1971

Belgian-American cell biologist and Nobel laureate who developed cell fractionation, identified key cell organelles, and was the first to use the electron microscope in biology

Indian politician and economist who served as acting Prime Minister of India twice and was awarded the Bharat Ratna for his dedicated service

2nd President of the People's Republic of China and a leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party

South African anti-apartheid activist, teacher, and politician who served as President-General of the African National Congress from 1952 until 1967

German chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his pioneering work on polymers and the development of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst

Australian pathologist and pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for his instrumental role in developing penicillin into a life-saving medicine

Hungarian-American physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and helped launch the Manhattan Project

English sculptor renowned for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures and influential graphic works displayed worldwide

Italian racing driver and entrepreneur who founded Scuderia Ferrari and the legendary Ferrari automobile marque, leading the team to multiple World Drivers' and Constructors' Championships

Swedish economist and sociologist who won the 1974 Nobel Prize for analyzing interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena

Spanish poet and Nobel Prize laureate who renewed the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars

German philosopher and social critic known for his association with the Frankfurt School and his critiques of capitalism and modern technology

Belgian surrealist artist known for his thought-provoking depictions of everyday objects in dreamlike settings, influencing pop art, minimalist art, and conceptual art

Finnish architect, urban planner, and designer celebrated for pioneering Nordic Classicism, International Style Modernism, and organic modernism across architecture, furniture, and various design forms