Who was born in 1856

French military and political leader who commanded the French Army in World War I and later led Vichy France during World War II

Austrian neurologist, psychoanalyst, and essayist who founded psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychological conflicts through dialogue

Irish playwright, critic, and political activist awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his influential plays and stimulating satire

German jurist and politician who served as Imperial Chancellor from 1909 to 1917, overseeing Germany's entry into World War I and playing a key role in its initial years

British physicist who discovered the electron and received the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity by gases