Born and died in 1825

Second and final Emperor of Brazil, known as 'the Magnanimous,' who reigned from 1831 to 1889, overseeing the longest and most stable period in Brazilian history

French academic painter known for realistic genre paintings, mythological themes, and modern interpretations of classical subjects, whose work enjoyed immense popularity then fell out of favor, only to be rediscovered in the late 20th century

French neurologist known as "the founder of modern neurology" for his work on diseases like multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's, and his studies on hysteria

Swiss mathematician and physicist known for formulating the Balmer series, which describes the visible spectral lines of the hydrogen atom

German jurist and socialist who founded the General German Workers' Association (ADAV) and initiated Germany's social democratic movement

Hungarian novelist, dramatist, and revolutionary leader whose romantic novels captivated Victorian England and earned him comparisons to Charles Dickens

Peintre néoclassique français prééminent et homme politique, connu pour ses peintures d'histoire monumentales comme 'La Mort de Socrate' et pour avoir orienté le goût artistique vers l'austérité classique.

American politician who served as Vice President and as New York Governor, noted for his personal funding of the War of 1812 effort and advocating for slave emancipation

Théoricien socialiste français précoce qui a développé des idées influentes sur la société industrielle et l'organisation sociale scientifique