Born and died in 1813

Norwegian linguist, poet, and philologist who created Nynorsk, one of Norway's official written languages

French physiologist who originated the concept of <em>milieu intérieur</em> and laid the foundations for modern experimental medicine

German composer, theatre director, and essayist known for his innovative music dramas and the concept of Gesamtkunstwerk

Scottish missionary, explorer, and anti-slavery crusader known for his extensive expeditions in Africa and advocacy for British expansion

Mathématicien, physicien et astronome italien naturalisé français, connu pour ses contributions significatives à l'analyse, la théorie des nombres et la mécanique