Elizabeth Blackwell18211910The first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, an American physician, abolitionist, and women's rights activist
Richard Francis Burton18211890British explorer, army officer, writer, and scholar famed for his wide-ranging travels in Asia, Africa, and South America, and his mastery of up to 29 languages
Charles Baudelaire18211867Poète, essayiste et critique français, maître du rythme et de la rime, dont l'œuvre explorait le réel et un exotisme romantique
Hermann von Helmholtz18211894A German physicist and physiologist known for pioneering work in hydrodynamic stability and linking scientific theory with practical research, whose name graces Germany's largest research association
Henri-Frédéric Amiel18211881Swiss philosopher, poet, and diarist known for his introspective 'Journal Intime' and moral philosophy
Gustave Flaubert18211880French novelist known for literary realism, his acclaimed novel Madame Bovary, and scrupulous devotion to style