Qui est né en 1819

Victorian polymath who revolutionized art criticism and architectural theory while advancing social reform through influential writings on culture and society

Queen of Portugal, known as "the Educator" and "the Good Mother", who reigned during significant periods of Portuguese history

American poet, essayist, and journalist known as the father of free verse, who profoundly influenced American and world literature with works such as Leaves of Grass

Queen of the United Kingdom who reigned for 63 years, overseeing the Victorian era of industrial and imperial expansion, and becoming Empress of India

German-born French composer, cellist, and impresario known for his influential operettas and the opera The Tales of Hoffmann

Peintre français chef de file du mouvement Réalisme, ayant influencé les Impressionnistes et les Cubistes

Swiss poet, writer, novelist, and chancery manager known for his literary realism in works like <i>Green Henry</i> and <i>Seldwyla Folks</i>

Irish mathematician and physicist who held the Lucasian Professorship at Cambridge for 54 years, becoming the longest-serving in its history

American writer and poet known for Moby-Dick and other works of the American Renaissance period

French physicist, astronomer, and photographer who accurately measured the speed of light and conducted the Fizeau experiment

Physicien et astronome français qui a inventé le pendule de Foucault, mesuré la vitesse de la lumière, découvert les courants de Foucault et nommé le gyroscope