German journalist, author, and pacifist who received the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for exposing clandestine German rearmament

Swiss physicist awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering anomalies in nickel steel alloys, advancing precision measurements

Czech-Austrian Marxist theorist, economist, philosopher, and journalist, widely known as the 'Pope of Marxism' for his authoritative promulgation of orthodox Marxism and his influence on the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Second International.

Founding father and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led significant reforms to establish a secular, industrializing nation