生平

American actress best known for her film portrayals of women based on true stories

American singer, actress, dancer, and activist whose career spanned over seventy years across film, television, and theater

American biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his fundamental studies of nucleic acids and pioneering work in recombinant-DNA technology

Russian writer and Futurist poet celebrated for his linguistic innovations and experimental approach to literature

American Nobel laureate and environmental chemist known for discovering that chlorofluorocarbons contribute to ozone depletion

Austro-Hungarian politician and heir presumptive whose assassination in Sarajevo directly triggered World War I

Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer whose political philosophy influenced the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and modern political, economic, and educational thought

Italian Nobel laureate, dramatist, novelist, short story writer, and poet known for his influential plays and revival of dramatic and scenic art

Flemish cartographer and geographer known for creating the first modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, and a founder of the Netherlandish school of cartography

English cleric, theologian, and evangelist who founded the Methodist movement

Russian mathematician and physicist who developed the Friedmann equations, originating the theory of an expanding universe

Bashkir national hero, poet, and rebel known for his leadership in Pugachev's Rebellion

American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president and is known as the "Father of the Constitution" for his role in drafting the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights

Venezuelan general and politician, known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho," who was a primary leader in South America's independence from the Spanish Empire and served as president of Bolivia

German Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances

Emir of Kuwait, a respected head of state, diplomat, and military commander who led his nation until 2020

German and American aerospace engineer and space architect who led rocket technology development in Nazi Germany and later in the US space program

American cytogeneticist awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize for her discovery of mobile genetic elements and pioneering work in maize cytogenetics

American biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his discovery of nitric oxide as a crucial cellular signal in the cardiovascular system

Head of the Catholic Church from 1922 to 1939 and the first sovereign of Vatican City

Italian Renaissance painter of the Venetian school known for his dynamic brushwork, muscular figures, and bold use of perspective

Austrian composer known as the "Father of the Symphony" and "Father of the String Quartet"

King of Great Britain and Ireland who oversaw the unification of the United Kingdom and was the first British-born Hanoverian monarch

Venetian adventurer, writer, and autobiographer known for his detailed account of 18th-century European life and customs