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The first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, an American physician, abolitionist, and women's rights activist

American scientist, physicist, and chemist who led the Homestake experiment, the first to detect solar neutrinos, and shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics

American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate who co-developed the BCS theory of superconductivity

American poet, essayist, and journalist known as the father of free verse, who profoundly influenced American and world literature with works such as Leaves of Grass

Ukrainian military leader and politician who led the Ukrainian People's Republic during the Ukrainian War of Independence

Algerian religious and military leader, scientist, author, and resistance fighter known for leading the struggle against French colonial invasion

Fifth Ottoman Sultan who reunited the empire after the Interregnum, expanding its territories and reestablishing central authority

American film director, producer, and actor known for critically acclaimed studio films and receiving two Academy Awards

American astronaut and physicist who became the first American woman to fly in space, and a dedicated advocate for science education

African American man whose tragic death at the hands of police in Minneapolis sparked a global movement against police brutality and for racial justice

American actress known for her roles as Julia Sugarbaker on Designing Women and Randi King on Family Law

American actor celebrated for his intense and charismatic performances in films like "Goodfellas" and "Field of Dreams"

American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer renowned for his almost five-decade career at the forefront of major stylistic developments in jazz, including bebop, cool jazz, and jazz fusion, with a legacy extending into rock, funk, classical, and hip-hop

German-Polish physicist, inventor, and instrument maker known for developing the mercury-in-glass thermometer and the Fahrenheit temperature scale

King of Portugal known as 'the Builder' who reigned with his niece Queen Dona Maria I

British statesman, novelist, and poet known for his political service and prolific literary output across multiple genres

South African statesman, military leader, author, and philosopher who served two terms as Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa

Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect

British Army general and Viceroy of India who led significant campaigns in World War II and oversaw critical political transitions

French tennis player who dominated the sport in the 1920s, winning multiple Grand Slams and becoming the inaugural world No. 1

Polish sprinter and sports official who uniquely held world records in the 100m, 200m, and 400m, securing seven Olympic medals including three golds

American jazz pianist, composer, and orchestra leader who shaped the sound of jazz, big band, and swing music for five decades

American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States Secretary of State and significantly shaped Cold War foreign policy

Italian composer, choirmaster, and string player, a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history