生平

Jewish-German pharmacologist and neuroscientist who discovered chemical transmission of nerve impulses, sharing the 1936 Nobel Prize

Italian politician and diplomat who served as the 5th President of Italy from 1964 to 1971

Sixth President of Israel, distinguished military officer, diplomat, and prolific author who played a significant role in the nation's early defense and international relations

Indian lawyer and politician who served as the ninth President of India from 1992 to 1997, and as Vice President from 1987 to 1992

King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814, known for uniting the crowns and establishing the Bernadotte dynasty

South Korean military general and politician who served as the sixth president of South Korea and was the first to be directly elected under the democratic constitution

Austrian-American film director and producer known for his 50-year career and four Academy Awards, directing 25 feature films across diverse genres like thrillers, westerns, and film noir

Afghan communist politician, writer, and founding General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan who led the country's revolutionary government in the late 1970s

Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Shewa who expanded the Ethiopian Empire and secured its sovereignty by defeating Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa

Queen consort of the United Kingdom and Empress of India, wife of King George V from 1910 to 1936

French-Italian fashion designer and grand couturier celebrated for his avant-garde Space Age designs and geometric styles

British novelist and science fiction writer known for his psychologically provocative explorations of technology, sex, and mass media, and a key figure in New Wave science fiction

Last King of Portugal, reigning from 1908 until 1910, known sometimes as the Unfortunate or the Patriot

Japanese film director and screenwriter known for his poignant explorations of family dynamics and intergenerational relationships in films like Late Spring, Tokyo Story, and An Autumn Afternoon

British neurologist and acclaimed writer who explored the complexities of the human brain through vivid case histories in works like 'Awakenings' and 'The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat'

German artist known for his pioneering Expressionist paintings and expressive use of color

Czech writer, screenwriter, and poet widely regarded as one of the best Czech authors of the 20th century, known for his distinctive prose and profound narratives

English philosopher known for promoting logical positivism through works like Language, Truth, and Logic

Algerian politician who was the first President of the Provisional Government of Algeria and the National Constitutional Assembly

Italian saint, priest, stigmatist, and mystic venerated in the Catholic Church whose feast day is celebrated on 23 September

German film director and screenwriter known for acclaimed films like Das Boot and the fantasy classic The Never Ending Story

German astronomer and astrophotography pioneer who revolutionized celestial observation and led the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory

Greek statesman and diplomat, recognized as one of the most distinguished politicians of 19th-century Europe

The seventh monarch of the Chakri dynasty and the last King of Siam under the absolute monarchy who reigned until his abdication in 1935