生平

American molecular biologist, geneticist, and Nobel Laureate known for co-discovering the double helix structure of DNA

American novelist, short story writer, and poet, celebrated for her beloved novel Little Women and its enduring sequels

Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who led the expansion of the American steel industry and became one of the richest Americans in history

American scientist, physicist, chemist, and peace activist, Linus Pauling, who received two unshared Nobel Prizes: for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and for his fight against the nuclear arms race

American actor and filmmaker remembered for his innovative work across film, radio, and theatre

American politician and businessperson who served as the 46th Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009

American playwright and essayist renowned for influential works such as Death of a Salesman and The Crucible, contributing significantly to 20th-century American theater

American singer, songwriter, and pianist known as the "Queen of Soul," twice named by Rolling Stone magazine as the greatest singer of all time, whose iconic voice defined soul, gospel, and R&B music

American author known for his seminal 1951 novel, The Catcher in the Rye, and his acclaimed short stories

American writer and editor best known for creating the Cthulhu Mythos and pioneering the "Lovecraftian horror" subgenre

American poet and educator known for "Paul Revere's Ride" and <em>The Song of Hiawatha</em>, and for being the first American to translate Dante's <em>Divine Comedy</em>

American painter widely known for his "drip technique" and as a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement

American chess player, Grandmaster, and eleventh World Chess Champion, famous for his historic 1972 victory over Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland

American author, novelist, and short story writer known for exploring history, morality, and religion in works like The Scarlet Letter

American author and abolitionist known for Uncle Tom's Cabin, which influenced the anti-slavery movement

Canadian-American writer, Nobel Prize laureate, and three-time National Book Award winner celebrated for his subtle analysis of contemporary culture

American singer, actor, and multimedia star who recorded over 1,600 songs and starred in more than 70 feature films

American philosopher and psychologist, often called the "father of American psychology" and a leading thinker of the late 19th century

American aviation pioneer, author, journalist, pilot, and women's rights activist who became one of the most celebrated figures of early flight

German-American political theorist and philosopher known for her influential works on totalitarianism, power, and the human condition

Russian-born American writer and public philosopher known for her fiction and the development of Objectivism, her philosophical system

American civil rights activist known for sparking the Montgomery bus boycott by refusing to give up her seat on a bus in defiance of segregation laws

American rock musician and songwriter, lead vocalist for Nirvana, and a spokesman of Generation X

American poet known for his realistic depictions of rural New England life and mastery of colloquial speech