生平

American actress known for her unparalleled four Academy Awards for Best Actress and her spirited, independent screen persona

American writer and poet known for Moby-Dick and other works of the American Renaissance period

American lawyer, politician, and the 21st U.S. President who ended the spoils system and expanded the U.S. Navy

American politician, naval officer, and author who represented Arizona in Congress for over 35 years and was the Republican nominee for president in 2008

American economist and statistician, Nobel laureate, intellectual leader of the Chicago school of economics who championed monetarism

American Black rights activist, Muslim minister, and human rights defender celebrated for his pursuit of racial justice during the civil rights movement

German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, and sculptor, and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature, known for his frolicsome black fables that portray the forgotten face of history

14th president of the United States who served from 1853 to 1857, a northern Democrat grappling with the nation's divisions over slavery and the architect of the Kansas–Nebraska Act

19th president of the United States, Civil War major general, lawyer, and Ohio governor

Ninth President of the United States who served the shortest term of 31 days, clarifying presidential succession upon his death in office

13th President of the United States, instrumental in the Compromise of 1850, and the last Whig Party president

29th president of the United States, popular during his term, also a newspaper editor and businessperson

American writer and humanitarian, best known for The Good Earth and as the first American woman Nobel laureate in Literature

Tenth president of the United States known for his advocacy of states' rights and his unique rise to the presidency following the death of William Henry Harrison

11th President of the United States, known for overseeing significant territorial expansion, including the annexation of Texas and resolution of the Oregon Territory dispute

12th president of the United States and a major general known for his Mexican–American War victories

American astrophysicist, cosmologist, author, and science communicator known for his profound influence on public understanding of the universe

American author, journalist, and social activist who pioneered commercial fiction and became an international literary celebrity

17th President of the United States who served from 1865 to 1869, assuming office after Abraham Lincoln's assassination and navigating post-Civil War Reconstruction

American poet, author, and civil rights activist celebrated for her seven autobiographies and a career spanning over 50 years

American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher known for "Walden" and "Civil Disobedience", advocating simple living and citizen defiance

Eighth president of the United States and co-founder of the Democratic Party

The 20th president of the United States, serving in 1881, who was also a writer, lawyer, and Civil War general

American writer known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, Mississippi, and winner of the 1949 Nobel Prize in Literature