生平

American astronomer and physicist who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates, providing crucial early evidence for dark matter

American actress and "First Lady of American Theatre" who was the first woman to win the EGOT and the first person to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting

American physicist and Nobel laureate known for pioneering studies of electron scattering and discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons

American biochemist and Nobel laureate who shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the isolation, crystallization, and study of enzymes, proteins, and viruses

American self-help author best known for 'Think and Grow Rich,' emphasizing fervent expectations for success

First Lady of the United States, celebrated for her active role in social policy, women's rights advocacy, and groundbreaking candor on personal health and addiction

American film actress nicknamed the "Platinum Blonde" who was a leading sex symbol of the early 1930s and a defining figure of the pre-Code era

American jazz saxophonist, bandleader, and composer, recognized as one of the most influential figures in jazz and 20th-century music

American boxer, known as 'Smokin'', undisputed heavyweight champion from 1970 to 1973, and the first to defeat Muhammad Ali

American director, producer, and screenwriter known for realistic New York dramas tackling social injustices and questioning authority

American actor, filmmaker, and screenwriter known for his Academy Award-nominated performances and screenwriting, a member of the iconic Fonda acting family, and a two-time Golden Globe Award winner

American theoretical physicist who received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence

American writer, novelist, and screenwriter renowned for pioneering hard-boiled detective fiction and creating characters such as Sam Spade and Nick and Nora Charles

American economist, mathematician, and political theorist who was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972 for his pioneering work on general equilibrium theory and welfare economics

American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate who advanced understanding of magnetic and disordered systems

American politician and senator from Wisconsin known for his anti-communist campaign during the Cold War, which led to the term "McCarthyism"

American physicist and inventor who, with Charles Townes, developed the theoretical basis for laser science, sharing the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work in laser spectroscopy

American writer, muckraker journalist, and political activist known for 'The Jungle' and winning the 1943 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction

American filmmaker, actor, and political activist known for directing acclaimed films like This is Spinal Tap and The Princess Bride, winning multiple Emmy Awards, and his advocacy

American chemist and physicist awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his investigations in surface chemistry

The inaugural First Lady of the United States who defined the role of the president's wife and set enduring precedents for future first ladies

American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter known for acclaimed works like The Road and Blood Meridian

American country singer, actor, and record producer known for his genre-spanning career and hit singles like 'The Gambler'

American lawyer and politician who served as a United States Senator from Massachusetts from 1962 to 2009, becoming the second-most-senior member of the Senate