Russia

Estonian statesman and president, influential in the independent democratic Republic of Estonia prior to World War II, a lawyer, jurist, and journalist

Soviet cosmonaut and aircraft pilot who became the third Soviet cosmonaut in space and the first Turkic cosmonaut aboard Vostok 3 in 1962

Chechen politician and Islamic religious leader who served as Chief Mufti of Ichkeria and President of the Chechen Republic

German Marxist theorist, communist activist, and tireless advocate for women's rights

Soviet academic, historian, ethnologist, and philosopher known for his unorthodox theories of ethnogenesis and as an exponent of Eurasianism

Finnish Lutheran clergyman, poet, and translator, celebrated as the de facto founder of literary Finnish and a key figure in the Reformation

German Generalfeldmarschall of the Wehrmacht during World War II, known for his military leadership

Russian military officer who, during a 1983 false alarm, decided not to launch a nuclear counter-strike, a decision that likely prevented a global catastrophe

Russian author, philosopher, and pacifist regarded as one of history's most influential writers

Russian playwright who almost single-handedly created a Russian national repertoire and defined the Russian realistic period