Жизни

Austrian composer and conductor, a leading figure of the Second Viennese School, known for his modernist atonal and twelve-tone music

Polish-born British-naturalised physicist and Nobel Peace laureate, recognized for his work towards nuclear disarmament after leaving the Manhattan Project due to his conscience

Austrian Nobel laureate and psychiatrist recognized for malariotherapy in treating dementia paralytica

Swedish architect, businessman, diplomat, and humanitarian who saved thousands of Jews in German-occupied Hungary during the Holocaust by issuing protective passports and creating safe houses

French novelist and dramatist known for works like 'La Seconde surprise de l'amour' and 'Le Jeu de l'amour et du hasard'

2nd President of the People's Republic of China and a leading figure in the Chinese Communist Party

Romanian-American cell biologist, physician, and Nobel laureate who discovered ribosomes and pioneered electron microscopy techniques

Bulgarian ruler from 1887 to 1918 who modernized the nation, achieved independence, and was also a recognized zoologist, ornithologist, and writer

Polish composer, conductor, and pedagogue known for his visionary contributions to contemporary classical music, including 'Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima' and the 'St Luke Passion'

1st President of the Republic of Egypt and co-leader of the Free Officers movement that ended the monarchy

French philosopher and writer known for his contributions to poetics and the philosophy of science, including concepts like epistemological obstacle and break

German biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his fundamental discoveries in muscle metabolism and oxygen consumption

Scottish astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and inventor known for his work in physical optics, including the discovery of Brewster's angle and the invention of the kaleidoscope

French-Romanian poet and translator, Holocaust survivor, known for his unique German-language poetry and profound literary contributions

British-American actress known for portraying dignified women and being a top box-office draw during Hollywood's Golden Age

Swiss-born German actor and film director who was the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actor

English pharmacologist and Nobel laureate who, with Otto Loewi, discovered the chemical transmission of nerve impulses through acetylcholine

Soviet cosmonaut and military personnel who became the second human to orbit the Earth on Vostok 2 in 1961, also holding the record as the youngest person to fly in Earth orbit at 25 years old

German chemist and university teacher who won the 1973 Nobel Prize for his pioneering work on organometallic sandwich compounds

Catalan novelist, poet, and short story writer whose works in the Catalan language left a lasting mark on Spanish literature

Russian economist, politician, and author who served as acting Prime Minister of Russia in 1992 and held various cabinet roles

Soviet and Russian comedy film director, screenwriter, and actor, celebrated as 'the king of Soviet comedy' for his immensely popular films like 'The Diamond Arm' and 'Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future'

Italian fashion designer, entrepreneur, and costume designer who founded the luxury-fashion house Versace and pioneered the fusion of fashion with the music world

Scottish physician and pharmacologist who shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine for developing propranolol and cimetidine through rational drug design