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French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher known for his work on social theory, education, and aesthetics

French polymath and psychologist, best known for his seminal work, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, establishing the field of crowd psychology

American stage and film actress who became one of the few major stars to work freelance during Hollywood's studio era

Japanese samurai and founder of the Tokugawa shogunate that ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868

Finnish writer who became the first Finnish Nobel Prize winner in Literature (1939) for his masterful portrayal of peasant life and nature

British children's writer, illustrator, natural scientist, and conservationist best known for Peter Rabbit and pioneering character merchandising

Spanish poet and Nobel Prize laureate who renewed the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars

English physicist and Nobel laureate known for his investigations of the ionosphere and the discovery of the Appleton layer, which advanced radar and shortwave radio

16th President of the Republic of Korea, a lawyer, judge, politician, farmer, and inventor who served from 2003 to 2008

French naturalist, zoologist, and paleontologist known as the 'founding father of paleontology' who established comparative anatomy

President of Mexico, known for leading the Liberal victory in the Reform War and the Second French intervention, and as the first Indigenous president

British, American, and French actress, an Academy Award winner and last major star from Hollywood's Golden Age

French classical scholar and egyptologist renowned for deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs and founding the field of Egyptology

Acclaimed British actress and politician, recipient of the Triple Crown of Acting, who served 23 years as a Member of Parliament

Turkish military officer, politician, and diplomat who served as the 2nd President of Turkey and a three-time Prime Minister

Swedish writer and Nobel laureate known for his groundbreaking novels and narrative art in the service of freedom

Italian noblewoman who became Queen of France and wielded extensive political influence as regent during her sons' reigns in the 16th century

French Carmelite nun and Doctor of the Church who developed the "Little Way" spirituality and wrote the influential "Story of a Soul"

French painter, sculptor, and collagist who, with Pablo Picasso, co-founded Cubism and also contributed significantly to Fauvism

British singer known for his gritty, bluesy voice, dynamic stage performances, and iconic interpretations of songs like "Feelin' Alright" and "You Are So Beautiful"

Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who became the first human to conduct a spacewalk on March 18, 1965, during the Voskhod 2 mission

Spanish operatic soprano and recording artist, celebrated as one of the greatest voices of the 20th century, with a six-decade career and three Grammy Awards

Welsh actor, film director, and producer, known for his powerful voice and dramatic intensity on stage and screen, captivating audiences with his profound performances and multifaceted contributions to the arts

French confectioner and inventor who developed airtight food preservation, earning him the title 'father of food science'