Born and died in 1851

French marshal and military theorist who served as Supreme Allied Commander on the Western Front during the First World War in 1918

British archaeologist who pioneered the study of Bronze Age Aegean civilizations and established modern archaeological methods

French statesman, judge, politician, and diplomat who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1920 for his prominent role in the establishment of the League of Nations and his longstanding contributions to peace and justice

American writer known for historical romances depicting colonial and indigenous characters, bringing him fame and fortune in the 19th century

French scientist, artist, and photographer, recognized for inventing the daguerreotype process and as one of the fathers of photography, also an accomplished painter and developer of the diorama theatre

English writer, poet, playwright, and science fiction pioneer, author of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus

French-American ornithologist and painter who created The Birds of America, the definitive 19th-century documentation of North American bird species