American computer scientist and United States Navy officer who pioneered machine-independent programming languages and developed COBOL

English novelist, short story writer, and journalist known for her feminist, magical realist, and picaresque works, recognized posthumously as one of the greatest British writers

Japanese association football player who represented his nation on the Japan national team

Austrian and British economist, philosopher, and political scientist who won the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize for his work on economic fluctuations and the role of prices in communicating information

Israeli politician who founded Herut and Likud, served as Prime Minister, and negotiated the historic peace treaty between Egypt and Israel

Irish-born British figurative painter known for raw, unsettling imagery focusing on the human form and figures isolated in geometrical structures

French composer, organist, and ornithologist known for his innovative 20th-century classical music and influential teaching

Indian filmmaker, screenwriter, author, and composer widely regarded as one of the greatest directors in the history of cinema

British comedian, actor, writer, and musician best known for 'The Benny Hill Show', merging slapstick, burlesque, and innuendo

British biochemist awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis

Nobel Prize-winning pharmacologist known for discovering antihistamines and drugs that block neurotransmitters, significantly advancing allergy treatment and neuropharmacology

American writer and biochemist known for prolific contributions to science fiction and popular science, writing over 500 books

American entrepreneur and business magnate who co-founded Walmart and Sam's Club, pioneering discount retail in small towns and building the world's largest corporation

German politician and jurist who served as President of West Germany from 1979 to 1984, combining legal expertise with diplomatic experience during the Cold War era

Iconic German and American actress and singer, known for her distinct voice, captivating film roles, and dedicated work as a WWII entertainer

Soviet-Latvian chess grandmaster and eighth World Chess Champion, renowned for his attacking, improvisational style and creative genius

Influential Catalan writer who coined "Països Catalans" and helped shape Valencian cultural identity during Spain's democratic transition

Soviet academic, historian, ethnologist, and philosopher known for his unorthodox theories of ethnogenesis and as an exponent of Eurasianism

Thai singer and actor, famously known as the "Queen of Luk Thung" for her celebrated contributions to Thai country music

Colombian singer and co-founder of Binomio de Oro de América, a major representative of vallenato music popular in Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela

Argentine tango composer, bandoneon player, and arranger who revolutionized traditional tango into nuevo tango by incorporating jazz and classical music

American avant-garde composer, artist, and music theorist known for pioneering indeterminacy in music and expanding the definition of sound

American actor best known for his iconic portrayal of Norman Bates in Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film Psycho, also a writer, singer, and film director

American cytogeneticist awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize for her discovery of mobile genetic elements and pioneering work in maize cytogenetics

American theoretical physicist known for his causal and deterministic interpretation of quantum theory and contributions to the philosophy of mind

American actress known for her Triple Crown of Acting achievement, starring on Broadway in <i>Come Back, Little Sheba</i> and on television in <i>Hazel</i>

German Chancellor and Nobel Peace Prize winner who strengthened European cooperation and East-West dialogue during the Cold War

American writer, poet, and activist who championed the liberation of all oppressed peoples through her powerful words and deeds