Japanese statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, founded Waseda University, and was a key advocate for Western science and parliamentary democracy during Japan's Meiji and Taishō eras

Swiss Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who developed the influential Rorschach inkblot test

Last monarch of Austria-Hungary and the final ruler of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, who reigned during the closing years of World War I

French physician who won the 1907 Nobel Prize for discovering that protozoan parasites cause malaria and trypanosomiasis

Russian writer and Futurist poet celebrated for his linguistic innovations and experimental approach to literature

German industrialist, writer, art collector, and politician who served as Foreign Minister of Germany

French novelist, critic, and essayist best known for his seven-volume novel À la recherche du temps perdu, widely considered one of the twentieth century's most influential literary works