Who was born in 1912

Chinese-American physicist known for the Wu experiment, disproving parity conservation, and contributions to the Manhattan Project

English-born Australian writer and the only Australian Nobel laureate in Literature, known for his complex literary style and satirical exploration of Australian society

Hungarian politician and economist who served as General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party for 32 years

English computer scientist and cryptographer widely considered the father of theoretical computer science, known for formalizing computation with the Turing machine

German communist politician and leader of East Germany for nearly two decades, serving as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party and Chairman of the State Council, known for close ties to the Soviet Union

Brazilian writer, poet, and novelist known for his modernist works translated into 49 languages, depicting a Mestiço Brazil and nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature multiple times

Italian film director and screenwriter best known for his 'alienation trilogy' and influential contributions to world art cinema

Italian pope who served for 33 days in 1978, known as the "Smiling Pope" for his warm, accessible leadership style

German politician, last crown prince of Austria-Hungary, and long-serving head of the House of Habsburg, known for advocating European unity