Who was born in August 1874

American psychologist who pioneered the study of learning processes, laying the groundwork for educational psychology with his "law of effect"

German philosopher renowned for his contributions to phenomenology, ethics, and philosophical anthropology, who significantly developed Edmund Husserl's methods

First President of Lithuania, influential intellectual, journalist, and nationalist ideologist

The 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933, also known for his prior role as Secretary of Commerce and his diverse background as an engineer, author, and statesman