Who was born in 1842

American philosopher and psychologist, often called the "father of American psychology" and a leading thinker of the late 19th century

French astronomer and author who explored the cosmos through popular science, early science fiction, and psychical research

French Symbolist poet whose experimental verse inspired Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, and Surrealism

French composer of the Romantic era best known for his more than thirty operas, including Manon and Werther

American editorialist, journalist, short story writer, fabulist, and satirist known for his pioneering realist fiction, influential war stories, and biting wit

English physicist and hereditary peer, Nobel laureate known for the discovery of argon and gas density investigations

Norwegian mathematician who largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and made substantial contributions to algebra