Who was born in 1841

7th President of the French Republic who rose from a tanner and shipowner to unexpectedly lead France, bolstering the Franco-Russian Alliance and navigating the Dreyfus affair

French Impressionist painter and printmaker, celebrated for her vibrant and intimate portrayals of modern life

French painter and sculptor known as a leading figure in Impressionism, celebrated for his vibrant depictions of beauty and feminine sensuality, with a legacy rooted in artistic traditions from Rubens to Watteau

French polymath and psychologist, best known for his seminal work, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind, establishing the field of crowd psychology

Polish novelist, essayist, and translator who was a leading writer of the Positivism movement and a Nobel Prize in Literature nominee in 1905, known for works like Nad Niemnem and Meir Ezofowicz

Austrian architect and urban planner, a leading figure of the Vienna Secession and Art Nouveau movements, known for his evolving architectural styles in Vienna

Swiss Nobel laureate and pioneering surgeon known for his revolutionary work on the thyroid gland and the introduction of aseptic surgical techniques

French statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, notably guiding the nation through the First World War and advocating for significant reforms

Czech composer who masterfully blended the folk music of his native Bohemia and Moravia with classical symphonic traditions, known for works like Symphony No. 9 "New World"

Japanese statesman and diplomat who served as the first Prime Minister of Japan and played a central role in drafting the Meiji Constitution and establishing the National Diet

The 9th President of France, known for his genial leadership, republican ideals, and opposition to the death penalty.

French Impressionist painter known for his figure paintings in landscapes and for supporting fellow artists before his early death in war