Who was born in 1821

British explorer, army officer, writer, and scholar famed for his wide-ranging travels in Asia, Africa, and South America, and his mastery of up to 29 languages

French poet, essayist, and critic known for his masterful command of rhythm and rhyme, whose works explored real-life observations and an exoticism inherited from the Romantics

A German physicist and physiologist known for pioneering work in hydrodynamic stability and linking scientific theory with practical research, whose name graces Germany's largest research association

French novelist known for literary realism, his acclaimed novel Madame Bovary, and scrupulous devotion to style