Germany

German physicist who won the 1914 Nobel Prize for discovering X-ray diffraction by crystals, founding modern crystallography

German writer, soldier, and philosopher known for his World War I memoir Storm of Steel and his later philosophical critiques of modernity

German association football player and coach, widely regarded as one of the greatest goalscorers in history, who won the FIFA World Cup, UEFA Champions League, and Ballon d'Or

German sociologist and philosopher known for his contributions to critical theory, communicative rationality, and the public sphere

German admiral and politician who served as Supreme Commander of the Navy during World War II and briefly as head of state of Nazi Germany in 1945

German lawyer, military personnel, and politician who served as President of Germany from 1984 to 1994

German politician who served as imperial chancellor and minister-president of Prussia, known for his support of Weltpolitik and efforts to transform Germany into a global power

German Renaissance painter, architect, and engineer known for powerful religious works that defied classicism and preserved late medieval Central European art

German writer, poet, and screenwriter, celebrated for his humorous children's books such as Emil and the Detectives, and his socially astute poetry

German theologian and Lutheran pastor known for his resistance to the Nazi regime and his global advocacy for human rights