Born and died in 1867

Polish-French physicist and chemist known for pioneering research on radioactivity and the discovery of radium and polonium, a two-time Nobel Laureate

German industrialist, writer, art collector, and politician who served as Foreign Minister of Germany

English novelist and playwright who won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature for The Forsyte Saga and related trilogies

Estonian teacher and linguist best known as the creator of Interlingue (Occidental), an international auxiliary language

German artist known for his pioneering Expressionist paintings and expressive use of color

British statesman and Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times between the world wars

Italian Nobel laureate, dramatist, novelist, short story writer, and poet known for his influential plays and revival of dramatic and scenic art

Finnish military leader and statesman who served as regent, commander-in-chief during World War II, and president of Finland

American architect, designer, and writer known for developing organic architecture and designing over 1,000 structures, including Fallingwater

English writer known for his prolific output of novels, short stories, and plays, and for being the most financially successful British author of his era

Queen consort of the United Kingdom and Empress of India, wife of King George V from 1910 to 1936

Australian politician and trade unionist who served as the third Prime Minister of Australia and first federal leader of the Australian Labor Party

German linguist known for his pioneering comparative work on Indo-European languages

The 121st Emperor of Japan (1846–1867) who reigned during the final tumultuous years of the Edo period, navigating the nation through increasing foreign pressures

French Neoclassical painter whose portraits and expressive forms influenced modern artists like Matisse and Picasso