Born and died in 1778

French chemist and physicist renowned for his gas laws, the discovery of water's composition, and the degrees Gay-Lussac for measuring alcoholic strength

King of Sweden from 1792-1809, who was deposed in a coup and was the last Swedish monarch to rule Finland

King of Holland (1806-1810), younger brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, and a prolific writer and historian

Chilean independence leader and military officer who served as the second Supreme Director of Chile, considered one of the nation's founding fathers

General, político y soldado argentino conocido como \"el Libertador de Argentina, Chile y Perú\" por su liderazgo en la obtención de la independencia sudamericana del Imperio Español

Swiss botanist known for documenting hundreds of plant families and creating a new natural plant classification system

Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer whose political philosophy influenced the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and modern political, economic, and educational thought

Pensador ilustrado francés, defensor de libertad de expresión, religión y separación Iglesia-Estado

Swedish botanist and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature and is known as the 'father of modern taxonomy'