Leben

French novelist, art theorist, and statesman who won the Prix Goncourt for La Condition Humaine and served as France's first cultural affairs minister under Charles de Gaulle

British actress celebrated for her extensive career spanning over seven decades, known for her wit and iconic roles, and a recipient of the Triple Crown of Acting

Influential French filmmaker, actor, and critic, recognized as a founder of the French New Wave and a proponent of the auteur theory

German-Swiss artist and university teacher known for his highly individual style influenced by expressionism, cubism, and surrealism

British-American actor known for his debonair style, comic timing, and defining presence as a leading man during the Golden Age of Hollywood, earning him an Academy Honorary Award and ranking as the second-greatest male star by the AFI

Cuban national hero, poet, and revolutionary who led the independence movement against Spanish rule and became known as the 'Apostle of Cuban Independence'

French painter, illustrator, and graphic designer renowned for capturing the vibrant life of fin-de-siècle Paris, particularly its cabarets and theatrical scenes

Austrian-American actress and co-inventor of an early technique for spread spectrum communications and frequency hopping

French mathematician who solved the 350-year-old problem of polynomial solvability by radicals, foundational to Galois theory and group theory

French theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate known for postulating the wave nature of electrons and all matter, a foundational concept in quantum mechanics

Soviet and Russian small arms designer renowned for creating the AK-47 assault rifle and its subsequent improvements

French physicist, engineer, and military officer known for Coulomb's law, describing electrostatic attraction and repulsion, and for pioneering work in friction and soil mechanics

Brazilian architect known for designing civic buildings for Brasília and his influential exploration of reinforced concrete aesthetics

Indian Bengali philosopher, yogi, poet, and nationalist who advocated for India's independence and formulated the spiritual path of Integral Yoga

Armenian-French singer, songwriter, actor, and diplomat known for his distinctive tenor voice and prolific output of over 1,200 recorded songs and 1,000 written songs

Scottish novelist and playwright, best remembered as the creator of Peter Pan

French author, moralist, and memoirist known for his Maximes, which offered profound and often cynical insights into human conduct and virtue

English poet and playwright renowned for his dramatic monologues, characterization, and challenging vocabulary

Eighth President of Iran, politician, qadi, and Islamic jurist who served from 2021 until his death in 2024

Italian nationalist activist, politician, journalist, and philosopher widely known as the "Prophet of Italian Nationalism" for his work in unifying Italy

Former President of India, Finance Minister, and recipient of the Bharat Ratna

First Premier of the People's Republic of China who served for 26 years, helping consolidate state control, form foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy

Hungarian-German physicist who won the 1905 Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking work on cathode rays and the photoelectric effect

French statesman who served as Prime Minister twice, notably guiding the nation through the First World War and advocating for significant reforms