Leben

British physicist and Nobel laureate known for proving nuclear transmutation and developing operational research during World War II

King of Spain who reigned through early 19th-century political changes, known first as el Deseado and later as el Rey Felón

Catholic priest, bishop, and the fifth Avignon Pope who ruled the Papal States from 1352 to 1362

French rock and roll and pop singer and actor who brought rock and roll to France

English writer and composer known for "A Clockwork Orange" and diverse works spanning literature, screenwriting, music composition, and literary criticism

French actor, theatre director, painter, and sculptor, renowned as Jean Cocteau's muse and a major post-war film star, recognized for his contributions to French cinema

French poet, playwright, and novelist who was an early figure in the French Romantic movement, known for works like *Cinq-Mars* and *Les destinées*

French utopian socialist and philosopher who founded utopian socialism and originated the word feminism

Third President of Indonesia and renowned engineer, scientist, and inventor who led the nation's transition to the Reform era

Visionary French fashion designer and founder of one of the world's most prominent fashion houses, Christian Dior SE

French fashion designer who founded his eponymous label and became one of the 20th century's foremost artistic voices in style

King of Spain and Portugal during the Iberian Union, also ruling Naples, Sicily, Milan, and the Seventeen Provinces

Fourth President of Indonesia, Islamic leader, and founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB)

Bosnian politician, lawyer, and philosopher who served as the first president of the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina and founded the Party of Democratic Action

British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize for his mass spectrograph, which led to the discovery of isotopes in non-radioactive elements and the enunciation of the whole-number rule

French philosopher and moralist known for his controversial materialist and utilitarian theories on human nature and education

French biologist, biochemist, and Nobel laureate known for his discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis, and his work on the operon model

Australian actor known for his romantic swashbuckler roles during the Golden Age of Hollywood

Prolific French author, biographer, historian, novelist, and critic known for his insightful works across various genres and for making complex subjects accessible

Austrian conductor and music director known for his 34-year tenure with the Berlin Philharmonic and an estimated 200 million records sold

Argentine racing driver and entrepreneur, known for winning five Formula One World Drivers' Championship titles and setting multiple F1 records during the 1950s

Third Avignon pope who reformed monastic orders, opposed nepotism, and resolved the beatific vision controversy through the bull Benedictus Deus

Northern Irish peace activist and co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize for co-founding the Community of Peace People dedicated to resolving the Troubles

Austrian American management consultant, educator, and author who shaped modern management theory and popularized concepts like management by objectives and self-control