Leben

16th President of the French Republic, lawyer, politician, and French resistance fighter who led France from 1947 to 1954, overseeing its entry into the Council of Europe and NATO

French literary critic, writer, poet, and historian who shaped 19th-century literary discourse and developed biographical criticism

German composer, music theorist, and university teacher, widely recognized as the "father of electronic music" and pioneer of musical spatialization

Brazilian composer, songwriter, and musician known as one of the fathers of bossa nova for merging samba with cool jazz

Brazilian politician who served as the 33rd President of Brazil and held key roles as Vice President, Senator, and Governor

British fashion designer, activist, and businessperson who largely brought modern punk and new wave fashions into the mainstream

Visionary British film director known for cinematic epics such as Lawrence of Arabia and Doctor Zhivago, and acclaimed adaptations like Great Expectations and Brief Encounter

German scientist, inventor, and politician known for his pioneering work on the vacuum and atmospheric pressure, and for the Magdeburg hemispheres experiment

German chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his pioneering work on polymers and the development of the Ziegler–Natta catalyst

Indian Prime Minister and statesman known for initiating India's transformative economic liberalization reforms in the 1990s

Chinese politician who served as Premier and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, known for his political reforms and support during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests

Northern Irish statesman, barrister, and university teacher who served as the first First Minister of Northern Ireland and received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in the peace process

Chinese ophthalmologist known for warning about the coronavirus in December 2019

French lawyer and statesman who served as President of France from 1920 to 1924 and Prime Minister in 1920, sparking a pivotal debate on socialist involvement in bourgeois governments

Italian lawyer, politician, and university professor who served as the 6th President of Italy from 1971 to 1978

Italian actress and comedian, celebrated as "the Queen of Italian cinema" for her iconic roles in Michelangelo Antonioni's films and diverse cinematic contributions

English-Brazilian biologist and Nobel laureate known as the "father of transplantation" for his work on acquired immune tolerance

German chemist who developed the Bergius process for synthetic fuel from coal and was a Nobel Prize winner for high-pressure chemistry

Slovene-Austrian Nobel laureate in Chemistry who developed the method of micro-analysis of organic substances

Norwegian linguist, poet, and philologist who created Nynorsk, one of Norway's official written languages

French physician and philosopher known for his materialist views and the influential work L'homme machine

English electrophysiologist and Nobel laureate whose research clarified the function of neurons and provided evidence for the all-or-none law of nerves

British princess and socialite, younger daughter of King George VI and sister to Queen Elizabeth II, known for her distinctive public role and commitment to royal engagements

Queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden who founded the Kalmar Union, uniting the Scandinavian kingdoms for over a century