生平

African American man whose tragic death at the hands of police in Minneapolis sparked a global movement against police brutality and for racial justice

American actress known for her roles as Julia Sugarbaker on Designing Women and Randi King on Family Law

American actor celebrated for his intense and charismatic performances in films like "Goodfellas" and "Field of Dreams"

American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer renowned for his almost five-decade career at the forefront of major stylistic developments in jazz, including bebop, cool jazz, and jazz fusion, with a legacy extending into rock, funk, classical, and hip-hop

German-Polish physicist, inventor, and instrument maker known for developing the mercury-in-glass thermometer and the Fahrenheit temperature scale

King of Portugal known as 'the Builder' who reigned with his niece Queen Dona Maria I

British statesman, novelist, and poet known for his political service and prolific literary output across multiple genres

South African statesman, military leader, author, and philosopher who served two terms as Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa

Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect

British Army general and Viceroy of India who led significant campaigns in World War II and oversaw critical political transitions

French tennis player who dominated the sport in the 1920s, winning multiple Grand Slams and becoming the inaugural world No. 1

Polish sprinter and sports official who uniquely held world records in the 100m, 200m, and 400m, securing seven Olympic medals including three golds

American jazz pianist, composer, and orchestra leader who shaped the sound of jazz, big band, and swing music for five decades

American politician, lawyer, and diplomat who served as United States Secretary of State and significantly shaped Cold War foreign policy

Italian composer, choirmaster, and string player, a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history

Austrian diplomat, foreign minister, and chancellor who was central to the Concert of Europe for three decades, shaping 19th-century European diplomacy

Nobel Prize-winning Soviet novelist known for his epic depiction of Don Cossacks during the Russian Revolution and civil war in 'And Quiet Flows the Don'

Queen of the United Kingdom who reigned for 63 years, overseeing the Victorian era of industrial and imperial expansion, and becoming Empress of India

Russian painter and draughtsman who co-founded Russian folklorist painting and was a key figure in the Russian Revivalist movement

Russian avant-garde artist and art theorist, founder of Suprematism, who pioneered abstract painting in the 20th century

American author best known for his children's fantasy books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, who also worked as a screenwriter, actor, poet, and editor

American diplomat and political scientist who was the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State from 1997 to 2001

American economist, author, and university teacher, the first American Nobel Memorial Prize laureate in Economic Sciences, recognized for elevating scientific analysis in economic theory

American biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his pioneering research on protein folding and the relationship between amino acid sequence and protein conformation