生平

Florentine sculptor, goldsmith, and autobiographer whose works like the Cellini Salt Cellar and <em>Perseus with the Head of Medusa</em> defined Mannerist art

Haitian general and politician who led the Haitian Revolution, transforming a slave rebellion into a movement that established the first free black republic and earned him the title of national hero

Russian politician who served as Mayor of Moscow for 18 years, overseeing significant urban development and economic expansion, and was a co-founder of the United Russia party

British polymath, statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist who established modern statistical science and integrated Mendelian genetics with natural selection, contributing significantly to the modern synthesis of evolution

British-French actress, singer, and model known for her distinctive style and influential career in film and music

King of Sweden from 1872 to 1907 and Norway from 1872 to 1905, presiding over a period of significant change in Scandinavian history

German artist known for his iconic caricatural drawings of 1920s Berlin life and his prominent role in Berlin Dada and New Objectivity

Swedish biochemist and Nobel laureate known for pioneering research in electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for discoveries concerning serum proteins

Romanian sculptor, painter, and photographer considered the patriarch of modern sculpture and a pioneer of modernism, known for his clean geometrical lines and cultural influences

British economist, writer, and Nobel laureate recognized for his influential theories on the nature of the firm and transaction costs, especially from his long tenure at the University of Chicago Law School

Nobel laureate physicist known for developing semiconductor heterostructures that enabled high-speed and opto-electronics, and contributed to mobile phone technology

French photographer, balloonist, caricaturist, and journalist who took the first aerial photographs and whose portraits are held in major national collections

French historian, orator, and statesman who was a dominant figure in politics between the Revolution of 1830 and 1848, also known for his extensive writings

Dutch author, civil servant, and colonial administrator best known for his novel Max Havelaar, which exposed the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies

Soviet chess grandmaster and World Champion, known for his record 17 Chess Olympiad medals and musical career

Pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright, and co-founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, revered as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature

German-Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate known for decoding the honeybee's waggle dance and advancing the study of animal communication

Slovenian liberal politician who served as President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia, Prime Minister of Slovenia, and President of Slovenia

Austrian-born German automotive engineer and inventor, founder of Porsche AG, known for the Volkswagen Beetle, Lohner-Porsche, and Auto Union racing cars

British actor celebrated for his versatile performances on stage and screen, known for films like Big Fish and Skyfall

Swedish crime writer, children's author, dramatist, and human rights activist best known for creating Inspector Kurt Wallander

Scottish politician, economist, and autobiographer best known as First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party and the Alba Party

Canadian physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for developing neutron scattering techniques and spectroscopy for condensed matter studies

Czech long-distance runner nicknamed 'the Czech Locomotive' who won three gold medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, including a marathon he entered at the last minute