Born and died in 1825

Second and final Emperor of Brazil, known as 'the Magnanimous,' who reigned from 1831 to 1889, overseeing the longest and most stable period in Brazilian history

French academic painter known for realistic genre paintings, mythological themes, and modern interpretations of classical subjects, whose work enjoyed immense popularity then fell out of favor, only to be rediscovered in the late 20th century

French neurologist known as "the founder of modern neurology" for his work on diseases like multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's, and his studies on hysteria

Swiss mathematician and physicist known for formulating the Balmer series, which describes the visible spectral lines of the hydrogen atom

German jurist and socialist who founded the General German Workers' Association (ADAV) and initiated Germany's social democratic movement

Hungarian novelist, dramatist, and revolutionary leader whose romantic novels captivated Victorian England and earned him comparisons to Charles Dickens

Preeminent French Neoclassical painter and politician known for monumental history paintings like 'The Death of Socrates' and shifting artistic taste towards classical austerity

American politician who served as Vice President and as New York Governor, noted for his personal funding of the War of 1812 effort and advocating for slave emancipation

French early socialist theorist who developed influential ideas about industrial society and scientific social organization