Born and died in 1798

Polish national poet, dramatist, essayist, and political activist, regarded as one of Poland's greatest literary figures and a principal figure in Polish Romanticism

Emperor of Brazil, King of Portugal, known as 'the Liberator' and 'the Soldier King,' also a notable composer and poet

Visionary French historian who authored the monumental Histoire de France and popularized the historical concept of the Renaissance, emphasizing the role of common people and cyclical history

French Romantic artist regarded as the leader of the French Romantic school, known for iconic artworks such as Dante's Bark and Lion Hunt

French philosopher, mathematician, and sociologist who formulated the doctrine of positivism and invented the term 'sociology'

Venetian adventurer, writer, and autobiographer known for his detailed account of 18th-century European life and customs