Born and died in 1923

British-American theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his profound work in quantum field theory, astrophysics, and the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics

American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate who advanced understanding of magnetic and disordered systems

Spanish-French writer, screenwriter, politician, and philosopher known for his literary works and his service as Spain's Minister of Culture

American-Greek operatic soprano praised for her bel canto technique, wide-ranging voice, and dramatic interpretations, earning her the title "La Divina"

President of Finland and pioneering Social Democrat who served as head of state for twelve years

South African writer and political activist, Nobel Laureate in Literature (1991) who explored complex social issues and advocated for human rights

American astronaut, first American in space, and lunar explorer who walked on the Moon at age 47

American electrical engineer and inventor who co-created the first integrated circuit, sharing the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work

American pop artist who transformed comic book and advertisement imagery into iconic artworks

Italian novelist and journalist who created imaginative works like Invisible Cities and Cosmicomics, blending experimental storytelling with philosophical themes

Kurdish writer and human rights activist known for his powerful novels and advocacy for social justice

British actress and singer known for a career spanning over seven decades, including roles in more than 60 films and winning a Tony Award

French civil engineer and architect renowned for designing the Eiffel Tower, the Garabit Viaduct, and contributing to the Statue of Liberty

French novelist and politician who explored themes of self and nation, popularizing the term 'nationalisme'

Italian polymath who revolutionized economics and sociology through mathematical analysis and elite theory

29th president of the United States, popular during his term, also a newspaper editor and businessperson

Mexican revolutionary, guerrilla leader, and politician who played a crucial role in the Mexican Revolution, fighting against dictatorship and advocating for social change

French naval officer and novelist known for his exotic novels and travel writing, who created richly detailed literary portraits of distant lands and cultures

French stage actress who revolutionized 19th century theater and pioneered early cinema while excelling as painter and sculptor

American astronomer and photographer who discovered Jupiter's moon Amalthea, cataloged hundreds of dark nebulae, and for whom Barnard's Star is named

King of Greece who ruled during two separate reigns (1913-17; 1920-22) following his father's assassination, facing political upheaval and eventual exile

New Zealand modernist writer celebrated for her short stories exploring human interiority and identity

Czech humorist, satirist, and author best known for his unfinished satirical novel, The Fateful Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk During the World War, which became the most translated novel in Czech literature