1884 yilda kim tugʻilgan

German journalist, writer, and politician who served as the first president of West Germany from 1949 to 1959, known for stabilizing democracy post-war

German painter, draftsman, printmaker, sculptor, and writer associated with New Objectivity, known for his powerful and often unsettling imagery

Jewish-Polish biochemist who formulated the concept of vitamins, fundamentally altering understanding of nutrition and disease

German biochemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his fundamental discoveries in muscle metabolism and oxygen consumption

Polish anthropologist and ethnographer known for his lasting influence on ethnography, social theory, and field research

Polish anthropologist and ethnographer whose pioneering work in participant observation and functionalist theory profoundly shaped the discipline of anthropology

Japanese Marshal Admiral and commander of the Combined Fleet during World War II, known for overseeing the start of the Pacific War

Czechoslovak statesman who served as President during two critical periods, including leading the government-in-exile during World War II

Bohemian-Israeli author, composer, and journalist notable for preserving and promoting the works of Franz Kafka and championing composer Leoš Janáček

German general and chief of staff who directed Operation Barbarossa and was instrumental in the radicalisation of warfare on the Eastern Front, later contributing to the myth of the clean Wehrmacht

French author, physician, and poet known for the Salavin series and his election to the Académie française

French philosopher and writer known for his contributions to poetics and the philosophy of science, including concepts like epistemological obstacle and break

French politician and three-time Prime Minister, known for leading France from 1938 to 1940 during the early stages of World War II

Swiss-born German actor and film director who was the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actor

Italian painter and sculptor known for his distinctive portraits and nudes with elongated forms

German writer, playwright, journalist, and literary critic known for his historical novels and influence on figures like Bertolt Brecht

Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate known for developing the ultracentrifuge and his pioneering research on colloids and proteins

16th President of the French Republic, lawyer, politician, and French resistance fighter who led France from 1947 to 1954, overseeing its entry into the Council of Europe and NATO

German Lutheran theologian and New Testament professor who advocated for an existentialist interpretation of the New Testament and was a major figure in 20th-century biblical studies

Turkish military officer, politician, and diplomat who served as the 2nd President of Turkey and a three-time Prime Minister

American diplomat, activist, and First Lady who led the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, earning her the title 'First Lady of the World'

German chemist who developed the Bergius process for synthetic fuel from coal and was a Nobel Prize winner for high-pressure chemistry

Swiss Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who developed the influential Rorschach inkblot test

Japanese general and politician who served as Prime Minister during World War II, leading a period marked by widespread state violence and mass killings

First President of the Republic of India, instrumental in the Indian independence movement and constitutional development