Poland

Polish-born French and American mathematician known for coining the word 'fractal' and developing the field of fractal geometry

German bacteriologist and pathologist who received the Nobel Prize for discovering prontosil's antibacterial effects

264th pope of the Catholic Church, sovereign of Vatican City, and a human rights defender known for his long and influential papacy

Polish poet and Nobel Prize winner known for ironic precision in exploring fragments of human reality

German general and military theorist who pioneered blitzkrieg tactics and developed modern tank warfare concepts

German novelist and essayist who became one of the most important voices from the former East Germany

Polish-American Nobel laureate, renowned for his Yiddish novels and short stories that explored universal human conditions and Polish-Jewish cultural traditions

German-American experimental physicist who won the 1943 Nobel Prize for developing molecular beam techniques and discovering the proton's magnetic moment

Polish resistance fighter and clinical nurse specialist who, as head of the children's section of Żegota, rescued approximately 2,500 Jewish children from the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II

Prussian-German field marshal of the German Empire and statesman who served as President of Germany, known for leading the Imperial German Army during World War I and appointing Adolf Hitler as Chancellor