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Peruvian poet and writer, hailed as one of the greatest poetic innovators of the 20th century, whose work continues to resonate globally

German journalist, author, and pacifist who received the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for exposing clandestine German rearmament

Czech-Austrian Marxist theorist, economist, philosopher, and journalist, widely known as the 'Pope of Marxism' for his authoritative promulgation of orthodox Marxism and his influence on the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Second International.

French filmmaker and illusionist known for pioneering special effects and innovative storytelling in early cinema, notably with films like "A Trip to the Moon"

Swiss physicist awarded the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering anomalies in nickel steel alloys, advancing precision measurements

Founding father and first president of the Republic of Turkey, who led significant reforms to establish a secular, industrializing nation