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American biologist and Nobel laureate who unraveled the chemistry of vision and courageously advocated for peace and human rights.

American author who created Conan the Barbarian and fathered the sword and sorcery genre

American actress and author known for her roles in films like "The Maltese Falcon" and her bestselling autobiographies

American architect who designed modern and postmodern masterpieces including the Glass House and 550 Madison Avenue

Russian-American economist known for developing the input-output method, earning him the 1973 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences

American actress who was the first recipient of the Academy Award for Best Actress and a major box office draw of her era

American astronomer and telescope maker best known for discovering Pluto in 1930, the first detection of what would later be recognized as the Kuiper belt

American and Irish filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor celebrated for directing 37 feature films, earning two Academy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards

American computer scientist and United States Navy officer who pioneered machine-independent programming languages and developed COBOL

German-American nuclear physicist who won the Nobel Prize for his theory of energy production in stars

German-American political theorist and philosopher known for her influential works on totalitarianism, power, and the human condition

Japanese association football player who contributed to the early development of the sport in Japan

Japanese association football player, manager, referee, and professor who played for and managed the Japan national team, deeply influencing the sport's development

Indian writer and novelist renowned for creating the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi, a key figure in early Indian literature in English

Japanese engineer and industrialist who founded Honda Motor Co., Ltd. and transformed it into a multinational automobile and motorcycle manufacturer

Italian racing automobile driver who became the first Formula One World Drivers' Champion in 1950 with Alfa Romeo, winning five Grands Prix across seven seasons

Italian novelist, short story writer, painter, poet, and journalist, best known for his novel The Tartar Steppe and numerous short story collections

Argentine physician and biochemist who won the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discoveries of carbohydrate metabolic pathways, significantly impacting the understanding and treatment of diseases like galactosemia

Jewish-French-Lithuanian philosopher known for his profound exploration of ethics, metaphysics, and ontology within existentialism and phenomenology

French-Hungarian painter and printmaker recognized as the "grandfather" and leader of the Op art movement

German-American biophysicist and Nobel laureate who, with the Phage Group, unraveled the genetic structure and replication mechanism of viruses

Jewish-German-born British biochemist who shared the 1945 Nobel Prize for the discovery and development of penicillin

Bosnian-Swiss Nobel laureate in Chemistry known for his pioneering research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions

Italian film director who pioneered neorealist cinema with influential films like Rome, Open City and Paisan