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American astronomer whose discovery of Cepheid variable stars as 'standard candles' allowed humanity to measure the vast distances in the universe

First American Nobel laureate in Chemistry, recognized for his exact determinations of atomic weights and providing evidence for isotopes

American politician known as 'Cactus Jack' who served as Vice President under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Speaker of the House

American sociologist, historian, and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist who was the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University

Jewish-Austrian biologist, physician, and Nobel Prize laureate who discovered human blood groups

American experimental physicist, Nobel laureate for work on the elementary charge of electricity and the photoelectric effect

German physician, sexologist, and LGBTQ rights activist whose advocacy led to his citizenship being revoked by the Nazi government

Japanese karateka, founder of Shotokan karate, and "father of modern karate" who introduced the art to mainland Japan

Visionary Scottish architect, designer, and artist whose work shaped Art Nouveau and the Modern Style

English actor, author, and filmmaker, known as the first British actor to win an Academy Award for Best Actor, specializing in biopics and light comedies

Austrian writer and translator known for his supernatural fiction, most notably the novel The Golem

Canadian-American actress, comedian, and writer who found immense popularity in both silent and Depression-era films

Catalan linguist and grammarian who was the main author of the normative reform of the contemporary Catalan language and is considered the father of modern Catalan grammar

German symbolist poet and translator known for leading the George-Kreis literary circle and founding Blätter für die Kunst

The last Ottoman caliph and a gifted painter, known for being the only caliph elected by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and head of the Osmanoğlu family until his death in Paris

King of Greece who ruled during two separate reigns (1913-17; 1920-22) following his father's assassination, facing political upheaval and eventual exile

French poet and dramatist, best known for his neo-romantic play Cyrano de Bergerac, whose works contrasted with naturalistic theatre

Hungarian admiral and statesman who served as Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1920 to 1944 during the interwar period and most of World War II

French diplomat, poet, and playwright known for his verse dramas and devout Catholicism

German theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in atomic and quantum physics and mentored a new generation of scientists