Born and died in 1839

French-born British Impressionist painter known for his consistent dedication to landscape painting en plein air, capturing the subtle beauty of the French countryside

American industrialist and philanthropist known for founding the Standard Oil Company and his extensive contributions to education and medicine

Pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright, and co-founder of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, revered as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature

French poet and essayist, first winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, recognized for his idealistic and artistically perfect poetic compositions

French Post-Impressionist painter whose work bridged Impressionism and Cubism, influencing avant-garde art movements

French diplomat, politician, and statesman known for his crafty and cynical diplomacy, serving six different French regimes from Louis XVI to Louis Philippe I