Paris, France

Italian playwright and librettist celebrated for his witty comedies that mirrored the lives and values of 18th-century Venetian society

Italian and naturalized French mathematician, physicist, and astronomer known for significant contributions to analysis, number theory, and mechanics

Austrian novelist and journalist best known for his family saga Radetzky March and his novel of Jewish life Job

French physicist, engineer, and military officer known for Coulomb's law, describing electrostatic attraction and repulsion, and for pioneering work in friction and soil mechanics

French physicist and astronomer who invented the Foucault pendulum, measured the speed of light, discovered eddy currents, and named the gyroscope

French artillery officer whose wrongful conviction for espionage sparked the historic Dreyfus affair, exposing antisemitism and judicial error in France

French surgeon and biologist, Nobel laureate for vascular suturing, pioneer of organ transplantation and tissue culture

German-born French composer, cellist, and impresario known for his influential operettas and the opera The Tales of Hoffmann

French organist and teacher who invented braille, a universally adopted system for reading and writing used by people who are blind or visually impaired

French playwright and political activist, renowned for her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and other writings on women's rights and abolitionism

French author, moralist, and memoirist known for his Maximes, which offered profound and often cynical insights into human conduct and virtue