France

Italian playwright and librettist celebrated for his witty comedies that mirrored the lives and values of 18th-century Venetian society

Mathematician and astronomer who transformed classical mechanics and pioneered the calculus of variations

French physicist and astronomer who invented the Foucault pendulum, measured the speed of light, discovered eddy currents, and named the gyroscope

Austrian novelist and journalist best known for his family saga Radetzky March and his novel of Jewish life Job

French physicist, engineer, and military officer known for Coulomb's law, describing electrostatic attraction and repulsion, and for pioneering work in friction and soil mechanics

French artist known for his vibrant paintings, sculptures, and designs, often associated with the Art Brut movement

French philosopher known for his work on literature, film, and art, co-authoring *Capitalism and Schizophrenia* with Félix Guattari

French Neo-Impressionist painter and graphic artist known for co-developing the Pointillism technique with Georges Seurat

French poet and writer known for seminal works like "Les Amours de Cassandre" and "Sonnets pour Hélène", a key figure in the Pléiade movement who revitalized French verse

French author, poet, politician, and anarchist, a major figure in the Paris Commune and a key personality of anarchism

Celebrated French writer, playwright, and novelist known for epic historical adventures like The Count of Monte Cristo and The forty-five guardsmen