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Japanese writer, novelist, poet, and literary critic, regarded as the "father of the Japanese short story," after whom the Akutagawa Prize is named

King of France from 1226 to 1270, renowned as Saint Louis and the most distinguished of the Direct Capetians

Prolific Italian composer, orchestrator, and conductor, celebrated for more than 400 film scores and 100 classical works across modern classical, jazz, pop, and rock genres

Swedish writer and Nobel laureate known for his profound exploration of eternal human questions through poetry and prose

British theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate who theorized a mechanism for the mass of subatomic particles

Swiss writer, poet, and theologian awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1919 for his epic <i>Olympian Spring</i>

Greek poet, diplomat, and Nobel laureate whose eminent lyrical writing reflected the Hellenic world of culture

Iraqi British architect, designer, and artist recognized as a key figure in late 20th and early 21st-century architecture

Chilean entrepreneur and politician who served as the 34th and 36th president of Chile, an economist and investor with a significant business background

Italian playwright and librettist celebrated for his witty comedies that mirrored the lives and values of 18th-century Venetian society

French philosopher, writer, and social activist known for her influential ideas on religion, spirituality, and politics, who also served as a secondary school teacher, trade unionist, and French resistance fighter

Dutch French-language writer and composer known for her Enlightenment-era letters, novels, and keen interest in society and politics

Russian investigative journalist, writer, and human rights defender known for her courageous reporting on the Second Chechen War and political events in Russia

Swedish writer, poet, and painter, Nobel laureate in Literature in 1916, known for works celebrating Swedish history and life

French novelist, polemicist, and physician, Louis-Ferdinand Céline was known for his innovative literary style rooted in working-class speech and his pessimistic depiction of the human condition

Founder and first king of Saudi Arabia, reigning from 1932 to 1953

Italian filmmaker, poet, and intellectual who directed The Gospel According to St. Matthew and challenged social conventions through his multidisciplinary artistic work

British politician and statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1964-1970 and 1974-1976, and was the only Labour leader to form four governments

French diplomat, politician, and statesman known for his crafty and cynical diplomacy, serving six different French regimes from Louis XVI to Louis Philippe I

First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 1991 to 2016, who led the country to independence

Influential Catalan writer who coined "Països Catalans" and helped shape Valencian cultural identity during Spain's democratic transition

Italian poet, translator, and literary critic, awarded the 1959 Nobel Prize in Literature for his powerful lyrical poetry

Portuguese footballer known as the 'Black Panther' who became one of the greatest strikers in football history and Benfica's best player ever

German politician and economist who served as President of Germany from 2004 to 2010, known for his popularity and international engagement